Sunday, October 29, 2017

East Greenland: Exploring Tasiilaq

Today (August 13th) was spent exploring on land and sea around Tasiilaq. At 8:00 our Natural Habitat Adventures group set off on a whale-watching expedition.
It didn't look like a big boat, but it did the job, especially because we were blessed by another sunny day. Being susceptible to motion sickness, I had staggered two bonine tablets, one before and one after breakfast. I felt a bit rocky at the start even so, but after half an hour I was doing better and standing up in the bow with several others. Joan, monitoring the sunlit ocean mists, spotted our first blow (whale exhalation) in the distance. This photo, not the actual first blow, gives an idea of what we were searching for.
Then there were two.
As we drew closer I started taking photos. Our guides, Katie and Drew, identified the whales as humpbacks.

I couldn't call it a chase, but our boat puttered in the whales' direction. Of course, we wanted to avoid disrupting the whales' normal feeding behavior; they would dive and stay submerged for minutes at a time while we scanned 360° to spot where they would pop up.
The two whales, a mom and her calf, stayed close to each other. The young stay with their mothers for three to four years.
These are my best images. First, the two whales cruising side by side near our boat.
They were briefly close enough for us to see their distinctive large front flippers through the water.

The tail flukes of the larger whale. The patterns on the underside are distinctive "fingerprints" which allow individual humpbacks to be recognized at locations thousands of miles apart.
The younger whale didn't have much patterning yet.
OK, one more tail photo.
After having stood out on the bow for a long time I retreated to the middle of the boat, sat down on a bench, and held onto the guardrail, which felt very good. I remained seated until we docked.

We nourished ourselves at the lunch buffet back at the Hotel Angmagssalik, and, fortified, spent the afternoon walking through Tasiilaq. Our first stop was a workshop where artisans crafted items for sale. Power tools working on wood and bone gave the small space a mixed scent of sawdust and dental drilling. (The letters on the building should spell "kunst," Danish for "art," but the letters were installed wrong.)
Note that marine mammal fur or ivory (including bone) cannot be taken into the United States. This meant that we couldn't consider things made from polar bear, seal, whale, or other such. Yes, the polar bear, which spends much of its time on the ocean ice, and can swim for amazing distances, is considered a marine mammal.

The next stop was the Ammassalik museum, specializing in east Greenlandic items.
In a center case were examples of eastern dress, 
less ornate that west Greenlandic, as shown here in Qaqortok from 2013. The east Greenlanders consider this western gear to be a waste of material.
Two cases showed various eastern handiwork. Due to reflections in the glass, the best I can show is one corner of a case.
Hanging on the far wall was a traditional kayak, made mostly from driftwood and seals. Note the skinny paddle strapped to the bow. Such a paddle makes less noise when sneaking up to a seal hauled out on the ice.
For those of us up to a challenge, the museum had a kayak simulator, a narrow wooden platform with a rounded base. Could we paddle and keep our balance at the same time? I couldn't, nor anyone else.
Next to the old church was a sod house, winter quarters for the dark, frigid north.
The entrance is more modern. Traditionally there would be a sod tunnel, angled downward so that the heat provided by seal oil lamps and a mass of human bodies wouldn't escape.
We stooped and entered the sod house, where an older Greenlandic gent answered questions. It was difficult for us to imagine a large group living for months in such intimate proximity.

Then our group continued on to the tourist center, ice cream shop, and gift shop all in one building. Outside, distance markers.
We all had ice cream, and Joan bought a pair of small earrings, perhaps an inch tall.
These represent a tupilak, a being made by a shaman or sorcerer, who had the power to create a living tupilak from dead items of different natures, often parts of animals, such a seal plus a human being. The tupilak could be sent by its creator to carry out acts of revenge or other evil; however, this had to be carefully judged, because a more powerful sorcerer could turn the tupilak around to attack the sender.

Several of us were relaxing on the outside deck when one of our company lost her clip-on sunglasses through a gap in the boards. Katie and Drew jumped into action.
It took a while, but with four hands and three implements the lenses were recovered!
Our walk continued past the hospital and the school, and then turned up the coast. The area close to town had several clusters of chained sled dogs
and parked sleds.
Then it was time to return to the hotel. Along the way we passed this out-of-season traffic warning.
At the hotel we were treated to a talk by Rassmuss, a young Danish man now informally adopted into his Greenlandic girlfriend's family. He discussed cultural differences, the extended family dynamic in east Greenland, outdoor sports (snowmobile, dog-sledding), winter isolation, and other aspects of life in Greenland, informed by both his several years in Greenland and his Danish upbringing. Sometimes the two worlds created a tug-of-war within him, for example, the treatment of sled dogs that are past their working years. They aren't pets, and they consume food resources otherwise available to working dogs, so in Greenland they are killed when they can no longer work. Rassmuss understood the economic imperative, but didn't appear to be completely comfortable with the practice.

After dinner -- no program -- a chance to rest! Tomorrow our NatHab group will travel to Base Camp, the four-night capstone of this adventure.

Saturday, October 21, 2017

East Greenland: Tasiilaq via Kulusuk

After breakfast our Natural Habitat Adventures group, led by Katie Crafts, transferred from our hotel to the in-town Reykjavik airport. The flight to Kulusuk (Greenland) would be between 1½ and 2 hours and set our watches back by two hours.

Katie was checking us in as we stood around the modest airport lobby when a group of happy and inebriated young men entered. One in particular snared everybody's attention. He was dressed, barely, in a neon green onesie which was more of a "none-sie". He willingly posed for photos. Later we would learn that this was a bachelor party stunt.

Our group was still short by one, because Travis had been through air travel hell ... first, his flight out of San Francisco had been canceled due to fog. NatHab rebooked him with a JFK connection to Reykjavik, but then the flight from JFK experienced delays, so he wouldn't arrive in time for this flight to Greenland. (He'd make a later one.)

The weather was again sunny and cooperative as we landed at the Kulusk airport, constructed in 1956 by the U.S. military as part of the DEW (Distant Early Warning) line, and demilitarized in 1991. The runway is suitable only for short takeoff and landing aircraft.
The signage is in Danish, English, and Greenlandic.
We weren't here long. This was the view from the non-runway side of the airport, which is located perhaps two miles from town.

Once the IcelandAir plane took off again it was time to transfer to Tasiilaq by an Air Greenland helicopter, which would need more than one flight to take all our people and luggage. Fortunately each flight was only about ten minutes one way.

All the available space was used.
Flying out of Kulusuk.
We're approaching Tasiilaq, the largest town in east Greenland with about 2,062 inhabitants (2014 info).
Our chopper after landing. Here we met our other NatHab guide, Drew McCarthy.
We and our luggage soon arrived at the Hotel Angmagssalik, where we would stay for the next two nights. After a buffet lunch Katie and Drew took us on a hike up the Valley of the Flowers, or Floral Valley, behind town. Our pigs, Babelet and Ruth, stayed behind to enjoy the view from the window of our room.

On this day (August 12th) several species of flowers were still in profusion.
Here Drew is explaining some finer points of botany. On this hike we saw hawkweed, harebells, butterwort, fireweed, lady's mantel, alpine catchfly, cuckoo flower, and wild thyme, some in bloom, some not. Less profuse species may have been overlooked.
Our route started on a wide road, which near the beginning passed the local nightclub.
Early on we saw sled dogs, chained to await winter, in this case including unchained puppies.
Sled dogs are working dogs, not pets, and generally are not socialized to accept strangers. Don't get too close.

Then we approached the town cemetery. The bare area is soil brought in to allow expansion of the burial grounds.
This was the view looking down the valley towards town. Traditionally the markers do not name the deceased; this preserves the name to be used again in the family.
Under the sun and clear sky we warmed up from our exertions and packed away some of our layers, or wrapped them around our waist. Soon the road dwindled into a footpath.
It became clear that we were ascending through a chain of lakes.
We continued our march through the landscape of rock and water.
The shore of the larger lake was our turnaround point.
Back at the hotel it was time for a quick shower and the 6:00 buffet supper. The low light of the late Arctic summer made the town and a recently arrived cruise ship glow. Soccer matches were in progress.
The presence of two other tour groups made dinner as noisy as a trendy restaurant, but Joan and I were able to meet Travis, who had finally caught up to us, much to the relief of his mom, Candice, also one of our group.
 
Afterwards we adjourned to another room to watch a video of "The Wedding of Palo." This movie was made by the Danish/Greenlandic explorer and anthropologist Knud Rasmussen in this district, Angmagssalik, in 1934. It's a faithful presentation of the Inuit social customs, skills, and survival techniques wrapped with a romantic story arc. It was an engaging introduction to the backstory of east Greenland.



Our next day will be spent further exploring the area around Tasiilaq.

Thursday, October 19, 2017

East Greenland: Reykjavik, and Meet Up

We awoke to a second morning in our Reykjavik Marina hotel room, which had a map of the Reykjavik region on the ceiling and several walls.
Joan and I had much of the day to continue exploring the town on foot; the first meeting of our Natural Habitat Adventures group wouldn't be until late afternoon. First, we starting walking towards the far side of the inner harbor,
and quickly gained a clear look back to our hotel. In the photo below, at left, are two drydocks complete with warning signs about drifting paint spray. The hotel building previously housed a paint factory and carpentry shop associated with the shipyard.
Eventually we reached the tip of the harbor and the Þúfa art installation.
Two revolutions on the path winding up the hill took us to the top. This was the view looking back towards the Harpa, which we had visited yesterday.
The art installation centered on cod, a durable feature of Icelandic history. (With the warming of the northern oceans, mackerel and other species are taking a share of Iceland's fish and fish exports, which are neck-and-neck with aluminum and aluminum exports for first place.)
This side of the harbor is a mélange of boats, fishing companies, new restaurants and coffee shops, storage rooms converted to small businesses, museums, everything traditional and new, including electric car charging.
This mural in particular caught my eye.
We walked back into town (click on the map to enlarge),
and spent a few minutes at City Hall, admiring this relief map of Iceland.
By now enough time had passed for us to take a brief stroll to the Settlement Exhibition and sign up for the 11:00 guided tour.
During an excavation in 2001 some of the oldest relics of human habitation in Iceland were found, dating to 871 CE (plus or minus two), and further investigation uncovered the remains of a 10th Century longhouse. This exhibit/museum is built over the site, allowing visitors not only to learn about the settlement of Iceland, but to see the longhouse in situ and investigate its construction and usage through interactive stations. Joan and I recommend the guided tour.

After noshing on a chocolate bar in the courtyard across the street Joan and I decided it was time to climb the hill to the Hallgrímskirkja, the Lutheran church. It's the dominant landmark of the city, constructed in stages between 1945 and 1986.
Just as with the Harpa, the outer forms evoke basaltic columns; the Icelanders are intensely aware of their volcanic island. Above the level of the clock face there are windows, on all sides: for a small fee an elevator will take visitors to the top, the only way to get there. Of course we rose to the occasion.

The views from the tower were long on this sunny day, and demanded to be checked in each direction. Towards the inner harbor and beyond,
towards the in-town airport, used for flights to elsewhere in Iceland, to Greenland, and to the Faroe Islands,
and towards the peninsulas across the bay. 
The Hallgrímskirkja is famous for its 5,275 pipe organ, completed in 1992. Joan and I had the opportunity to sit for several minutes and hear an organist practicing on this instrument.
From the sculpture garden of the adjacent Einar Jónsson Museum I captured this better-lit image of the Hallgrímskirkja tower.
Joan and I hiked back to our room to clean up and take a short break before meeting Katie Crafts, one of our NatHab guides, and the rest of our group (total guests: 12) for an orientation session at the hotel and the group dinner at a Reykjavik restaurant.

At dinner Katie reminded us that this meal might be our last chance for fresh vegetables for the next nine days -- veggies in Greenland are often pickled or canned. For my main course I opted for a traditional Icelandic 'fish stew,' a mash of haddock, potato, and onion baked under cheese. This was a hearty choice made often by Icelandic mothers and grandmothers.

After walking back to the hotel Joan and I finished the organization of our luggage and turned in, but at first we could not achieve the blissful state of being asleep. It was Friday night and the hotel bar was just below us in a town well-known for its nightlife. Eventually the commotion diminished and we managed a few hours of sleep, followed by setting our luggage outside the door by the prescribed deadline.

On to Greenland!